The 1840s were dominated by Howard Staunton, and other leading players of the period included Adolf Anderssen, Daniel Harrwitz, Henry Bird, Louis Paulsen, and Paul Morphy. The end of the Romantic period in chess is considered to be the 1873 Vienna Tournament where Wilhelm Steinitz popularized positional play and the closed recreation. To insulate theology from scientism or reductionism in science, 19th-century post-Enlightenment German theologians developed a modernist or so-called liberal conception of Christianity, led by Friedrich Schleiermacher and Albrecht Ritschl. They took the Romantic approach of rooting faith within the inner world of the human spirit, in order that it’s a particular person’s feeling or sensibility about religious matters that includes faith. In the contemporary music tradition, the romantic musician adopted a public career depending on delicate middle-class audiences rather than on a courtly patron, as had been the case with earlier musicians and composers. Public persona characterized a new technology of virtuosi who made their means as soloists, epitomized in the live performance tours of Paganini and Liszt, and the conductor started to emerge as an essential determine, on whose talent the interpretation of the increasingly complex music depended.
Despite the limited digital tools available to dub pioneers corresponding to King Tubby and Lee “Scratch” Perry, their experiments in remix tradition have been musically cutting-edge. King Tubby, for example, was a sound system proprietor and electronics technician, whose small front-room studio in the Art & Music Waterhouse ghetto of western Kingston was a key web site of dub music creation. The world’s first laptop to play music was CSIRAC, which was designed and built by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard within the Fifties. In 1951 it publicly played the “Colonel Bogey March” of which no identified recordings exist.